This clinical trial is testing a new medication called AR1001 to see if it can help people in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease.

The study is a Phase 3 trial, which means the drug has already gone through earlier testing for safety and potential benefits, and now researchers are doing a larger, more rigorous test to confirm those results.

Participants are randomly assigned to receive either AR1001 or a placebo (a pill with no active drug), and neither the participants nor the researchers know who is getting which. This helps ensure the results are unbiased. The study takes place across multiple medical centers.

The treatment period lasts 52 weeks (one year). During that time, researchers will closely monitor how well AR1001 works at slowing or improving symptoms of early Alzheimer’s disease, and they will also watch for any side effects. After one year in this program, participants have the opportunity to remain in the study and participate in an “open-label extension”, which means they will receive AR1001 for one year.

AR1001 is a small-molecule drug designed to target Alzheimer’s disease in several ways at once, based on earlier research showing it may help reduce or improve Alzheimer’s-related brain changes.

The trial’s official name is the Polaris-AD study.

This study is testing a new treatment called LY3884961 in people with moderate to severe Parkinson’s disease who have at least one GBA1 gene mutation. This mutation is known to increase the risk of Parkinson’s and can make symptoms progress more quickly.

This is a Phase 1/2a, first-in-human study, which means during Phase 1 it is the very first time this treatment is being given to people. The study is currently in Phase 2a, meaning that the treatment has been tested in GBA1 Parkinson’s disease patients. The main goal is to see if the treatment is safe and how the body responds to it.

The treatment is delivered directly into the fluid around the brain and spinal cord (through the cisterna magna), instead of being taken by mouth or through an IV. Researchers originally tested two different dose levels to see how patients tolerate them, but the optimal single dose was carried forward into Phase 2a.

The study will last 5 years.

During the first year, doctors will closely monitor participants to check:

• safety and side effects

• how well the treatment is tolerated

• immune system reactions

• changes in biological markers related to Parkinson’s

• any early signs of improvement in symptoms

For the remaining 4 years, patients will continue to be followed to ensure long-term safety and to track ongoing changes in biomarkers and symptoms.

Participants may also receive methylprednisolone or sirolimus, medications often used to manage immune reactions and support the body’s response to biologic treatments.

The official name of the trial is the PROPEL study.

This study is testing whether a new treatment, JNJ-64042056, can slow down early memory and thinking decline in people who are at the very earliest stage of Alzheimer’s disease — before noticeable symptoms appear.

Participants are randomly assigned to receive either the study drug or a placebo (a look-alike with no active medicine). Neither the participants nor the researchers know who is receiving which treatment, which helps keep the results unbiased.

JNJ-64042056 is a type of active immunotherapy designed to train the body’s immune system to target phosphorylated tau, a protein involved in the early development of Alzheimer’s disease.

The main goal is to see whether the treatment slows cognitive decline, measured through a specialized test called PACC-5, which is sensitive to early changes in memory and thinking.

Researchers will also carefully monitor:

• safety and side effects

• how the immune system responds

• how the treatment compares with placebo over time

In short, this study aims to find out whether vaccinating the immune system against a key Alzheimer’s-related protein can delay the earliest signs of Alzheimer’s disease.

This study is testing a special type of brain scan to see how accurately it can detect tau protein buildup in people with Alzheimer’s disease.

Tau is one of the key proteins involved in Alzheimer’s, and being able to see it clearly in the living brain could help doctors diagnose and understand the disease much earlier and more accurately.

The scan uses a radioactive tracer called [18F]PI-2620, which attaches to tau protein so it can be seen on a PET scan.

This is a Phase 3, open-label study, meaning:

• Everyone knows what scan they are receiving (no placebo).

• Participants include people with Alzheimer’s as well as people without dementia.

• The study takes place at multiple centers.

The goal is to compare what the PET scan shows during life with what is found after death through a brain autopsy, which is currently the most accurate way to measure tau.

By comparing these two, researchers can determine how well the scan detects tau and whether it can be trusted as a reliable diagnostic tool.

Safety will also be closely monitored to ensure the tracer and scan do not cause harmful side effects.

In short, the study aims to prove whether this PET scan can become a dependable way to see Alzheimer’s-related tau in the living brain.